SCI写作 | 摘要写作结构+模板

  摘要一般是论文的最后一个写作环节,也是笔者认为最难写的部分,需要精雕细琢来突出最想让审稿人和读者阅读的闪光点,其重要性仅次于题目。好的摘要可以增加论文被录用和被引用的概率。

  #01 摘要主要包含五个部分

  别看摘要才短短200-300字,但它基本上是整篇论文等比例的微缩版。SCI论文通常采用结构化的摘要,其基本组成部分是:

  

   

  #02 摘要写作的一般注意事项

  摘要是论文主体的浓缩,所以一般都是在完成论文主体的各个部分后再写的,提炼压缩各个部分成1-2句话,并有逻辑地连接起来即可。

  摘要应该是独立和简洁的,需要清晰的逻辑思路,旨在描述您的工作,但不会深入细节。所以摘要里不要充斥着大量数字,但是要有必要的数据。

  大多数期刊要求摘要避免使用缩写词。不用引文,一般不出现书写公式、化学结构式、插图和表格。

  切记勿将正文的部分直接截取过来作为摘要,摘要出现字句也不要原封不动的照搬到正文里。

  摘要尽量用短语,用动词的主动语态,同时最好用第三人称。描述研究工作一般用过去时态,但在说明结论时,应用现在时态。

  简单点说一个好的研究就是提出问题,解决问题。所以研究问题和结果为摘要的重点部分。重要的结果在摘要就体现出来,给读者一目了然的信息,不要故留悬念。

  最后阐述本文的重要意义时,记得对之前描述的“现有研究不足”和“研究问题”给予回应。

  摘要中常见的问题有:摘要过长、长句过多、目的或研究问题不明确、数值和数据统计结果过多、总结没有基于结果,太过空乏。

  

   

  #03 万能高分模板句式 & 高频词组

  摘要有“起承转合”固定的写作模式,可以用连贯词突出逻辑性,再结合使用的高频词汇,人人都可以成为摘要写作的高手。

  / 起承转合四步法 /

  起:The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood/remain largely unknown

  承:To define......, We performed/Here/We reported that

  转:

  Surprisingly/Intriguingly/However/In contrast/Importantly

  合:

  Thus/Therefore/Consistently/We conclude that/We therefore pro-pose that/These data demonstrate/These data establish that/These results signify a critical role for/Overall, our data demonstrate that

  / Background /

  开头先提某研究方向很“重要”,表达“重要”的高频词组:

  major, essential, fundamental, act as a primary, contribute to, powerful effects, profound impact, play central roles in, show an important role in, have crucial roles, have been intensively studied, has been a milestone, has attracted enormous interest in, has recently emerged as a key, one of the most common/prevalent/aggressive types of

  某事很“严重”,所以要研究,表达“严重”的高频词组:

  aberrant, abnormal, devastating, fatal, prevalent, severely affects, variable and unpredictable, rare and frequently aggressive

  表达“总结”或“陈述”的高频词组:

  review, summarize, present, outline, describe

  表达研究现状的句式:

  Recent studies have identified......

  Epidemiological studies suggest that......

  ......have been intensively studied for their role in......

  ......has attracted enormous interest in......owing to......

  ......is a highly attractive candidate for developing......

  表达现有研究不足的句式:

  However, ......is not clearly understood

  but less is known about their potential role in......

  However, a major problem with this kind of application is......

  Despite its safety and efficacy, ......suffers from several major drawbacks......

  / Objective /

  表达“目的”的高频词组:

  purpose, attempt, aim, study, present, include, focus, emphasize, attention

  表达研究目的的句式:

  The aim of present study was to investigate......

  This study examined......

  To identify/investigate......, we attempt to/carried out/examined......

  With the aim to......, we have derived......

  表达研究待解决......的句式:

  These findings have raised the question of......

  To address......, we used......

  Better understanding the mechanisms for......will benefit......

  表达研究重点的句式:

  This paper presents......, emphasizing the relationship with......

  We draw attention to two problems associated with......

  / Method and Result /

  论述方法或结果“层级递进”的连贯词:

  also, then, besides, on the other hand, moreover, in addition (to), additionally, furthermore, subsequently, following, finally, therefore

  表达“上升或下降趋势”的高频词组:

  ↑:increase, improve, activate, elevate, rescue

  ↓:decrease, reduce, inactivate, suppress, impair

  表达“借助于某工具”的高频词组:

  via, use, applied, done, though, based on, be according to, by means of, in terms of

  表达“结果”的高频词组:

  conclude, demonstrate, indicate, introduce, present, result, show, summary, suggest

  表达研究包括什么材料,应用什么方法,得到什么结果的句式:

  ......was used in/involved in......to detect/identify......

  ......were applied/conducted/employed/performed/investigated/carried out

  Data were gathered from......at various time points during the......year

  Through......, we found/observed that......

  The effects/roles of......were determined/analyzed/examined by......

  / Conclusion /

  评价“结论”的词组:

  clear, effective, notable, reliable, robust, intriguing, interesting, important, simple, be sufficient to, with a focus, largely consistent with

  下结论一般是各种“可能”,表达“可能”的高频词组:

  might, may, possibly, it could be, would, can(“可能性”从左到右依次加强)

  概述研究内容和意义的句式:

  We give a summary of......

  This study has explained the central importance of......

  Together, these observations suggest that......

  These findings uncover an unexpected mechanism......

  We introduce a procedure that......

  We conclude that......is of practical value for......

  本文来源bolo(学术论文),版权归原作者所有,授权转载请联系原作者。文章只为学术新闻信息的传播,不代表本号观点。如有侵权请联系删除。

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SCI写作 | 摘要写作结构+模板

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